Which term corresponds to the idea that messages are crafted with a deliberate intent and that 'all messages are constructed'?

• A. Format
• B. Authorship
• C. Audience
• D. New Media

Answer: (B)

Messages are produced by someone with a purpose, making them deliberate constructions rather than spontaneous occurrences. This idea is captured by authorship, which emphasizes the creator's role, intentions, and the choices made in shaping content, tone, and presentation. Recognizing authorship helps explain why messages reflect particular viewpoints or goals and how the same information can be framed differently by different writers.

Format focuses on how content is presented rather than who created it or why. Audience centers on who the message is for, which can influence but does not define the act of crafting the message. New Media refers to the platforms or technologies used, not the creator or the intentional act of construction.